※ DYRK family introduction

    DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase) belong to CMGC family. Homology within the kinase domain can further classify this family into three subfamilies: DYRK kinases, homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), and pre-mRNA processing protein 4 kinases (PRP4s). Ten members have been found in human genome. DYRKs are characterized as dual-specificity protein kinases for their ability to mediate the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues; however, the tyrosine phosphorylation activity is restricted to autophosphorylation. DYRKs play an important role and act as pleiotropic regulators in a variety of cellular functions, including cell survival, cell differentiation, gene transcription and endocytosis. Mutation or abnormal expressions always associate with diseases. Truncation mutants of DYRK1A result in clinical phenotypes, including microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Overexpression of DYRK1B has been reported in solid tumors, including colon and lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas, and experimental data suggest that increased amounts of DYRK1B favor tumor development (1).

Reference
1. Aranda, S., Laguna, A. and de la Luna, S. (2011) DYRK family of protein kinases: evolutionary relationships, biochemical properties, and functional roles. FASEB J, 25, 449-462. PMID: 21048044

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No.	Status	iEKPD ID	Ensemble Gene ID	UniProt Accession	Gene Name
1		iEKPD-Tag-0364	ENSTGUG00000012251.1	H0ZPT6
2		iEKPD-Tag-0163	ENSTGUG00000004960.1	H0Z3I7	DYRK1A
3		iEKPD-Tag-0217	ENSTGUG00000006720.1	H0Z8J7	DYRK2
4		iEKPD-Tag-0042	ENSTGUG00000001091.1	H0YS59	DYRK3
5		iEKPD-Tag-0060	ENSTGUG00000001553.1	H0YTJ4	HIPK1
6		iEKPD-Tag-0338	ENSTGUG00000011378.1	H0ZMC4	HIPK2
7		iEKPD-Tag-0168	ENSTGUG00000005064.1	H0Z3S9	HIPK3
8		iEKPD-Tag-0085	ENSTGUG00000002208.1	H0YVH4	PRPF4B