※ CK1 family introduction

    CK1 (Casein kinase I) is characterized by its Ser/Thr protein kinase catalytic activity on phoshorylation of casein in vitro in a cycle AMP-independent manner. Six isoforms and CK1-like kinase have been identified in this family. Sequence analysis shows that all members share a N-terminal conserved kinase catalytic domain and a variable C-terminal sequence. Several potential regulatory mechanisms for CK1s have been described including activation via phosphorylation of PKA, 14-3-3 binding and autoinhibition. CK1s are involved in a variety of cellular processes via phosphorylation of a large range of substrates, for instance, stabilizing AIB1 and increasing Erα transcriptional activity, facilitating CK1α/FADD/CaM complex assembly for proper cell cycle progression, reducing DNA-binding activity of Dnmt1, blocking nuclear export and so on. (1)

Reference
1. Cheong, J.K. and Virshup, D.M. (2011) Casein kinase 1: Complexity in the family. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 43, 465-469. PMID: 21145983