※ PGP family introduction

    PGP, also known as AUM, belongs to a family of phosphatase which uses an Asp nucleophile for catalysis. PGP/AUM is the closest paralog of chronophin. Interestingly, PGP/AUM acts as a tyrosine phosphatase, whereas chronophin dephosphorylates serine/threonine-phosphorylated proteins (1). Prentki, et al., describe that a previously known phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) with an uncertain function in mammalian cells acts as a specific G3PP and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and signaling, as well as in the response to metabolic stress (2). Notably, PGP/AUM is a widely conserved metabolite repair enzyme in mammals which eliminates 4-P-erythronate, a side product of GAPDH (3).

Reference
1. Seifried A, Knobloch G, Duraphe PS, Segerer G, Manhard J, Schindelin H, Schultz J and Gohla A. (2014) Evolutionary and structural analyses of mammalian haloacid dehalogenase-type phosphatases AUM and chronophin provide insight into the basis of their different substrate specificities. J Biol Chem, 289, 3416-31. PMID: 24338473
2. Mugabo Y, Zhao S, Seifried A, Gezzar S, Al-Mass A, Zhang D, Lamontagne J, Attane C, Poursharifi P, Iglesias J, Joly E, Peyot ML, Gohla A, Madiraju SR and Prentki M. (2016) Identification of a mammalian glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase: Role in metabolism and signaling in pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113, E430-9. PMID: 26755581
3. Collard F, Baldin F, Gerin I, Bolsée J, Noël G, Graff J, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Stroobant V, Vertommen D, Houddane A, Rider MH, Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E and Bommer GT. (2003) A conserved phosphatase destroys toxic glycolytic side products in mammals and yeast. Nat Chem Biol, 12, 601-7. PMID: 27294321